489 research outputs found
Is Homophily a Necessity for Graph Neural Networks?
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown great prowess in learning
representations suitable for numerous graph-based machine learning tasks. When
applied to semi-supervised node classification, GNNs are widely believed to
work well due to the homophily assumption ("like attracts like"), and fail to
generalize to heterophilous graphs where dissimilar nodes connect. Recent works
design new architectures to overcome such heterophily-related limitations,
citing poor baseline performance and new architecture improvements on a few
heterophilous graph benchmark datasets as evidence for this notion. In our
experiments, we empirically find that standard graph convolutional networks
(GCNs) can actually achieve better performance than such carefully designed
methods on some commonly used heterophilous graphs. This motivates us to
reconsider whether homophily is truly necessary for good GNN performance. We
find that this claim is not quite true, and in fact, GCNs can achieve strong
performance on heterophilous graphs under certain conditions. Our work
carefully characterizes these conditions, and provides supporting theoretical
understanding and empirical observations. Finally, we examine existing
heterophilous graphs benchmarks and reconcile how the GCN (under)performs on
them based on this understanding
Construction health and safety: A topic landscape study
We aim to draw in-depth insights into the current
literature in construction health and safety and provide
perspectives for future research efforts. The existing literature
on construction health and safety is not only diverse
and rich in sight, but also complex and fragmented in
structure. It is essential for the construction industry and
research community to understand the overall development
and existing challenges of construction health
and safety to adapt to future new code of practice and
challenges in this field. We mapped the topic landscape
followed by identifying the salient development trajectories
of this research area over time. We used the topic
modeling algorithm to extract 10 distinct topics from 662
abstracts (filtered from a total of 895) of articles published
between 1991 and 2020. In addition, we provided the most
cited references and the most popular journal per topic
as well. The results from a time series analysis suggested
that the construction health and safety would maintain
its popularity in the next 5 years. Research efforts would
be devoted to the topics including “Physical health and
disease”, “Migrant and race”, “Vocational ability and
training”, and “Smart devices.” Among these topics,
“Smart devices” would be the most promising one
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